Metallurgy industry
The metallurgy industry means investigate metals mineral to explore, mine, carefully selected, the Ye Lian, and Ya make into the industrial section of material.Include a black metallurgy type an industry(namely steel industry) and have the industrial color metallurgy two major types.
The metallurgy industry is an important original material industrial section, provide metals material for each section of national economy, is also the material foundation of economic development.
[Edit this segment]Chinese metallurgy industry of development
Lately China establishes more than 50 in the last yearses, steel the industrial development be quick.At circumlittoral steel industry of the city development of Dalian, Tienjin, Shanghai...etc. of in the meantime, the pack that is in the hinterland head, too original, Wuhan, heavy celebrate, climbed a flower etc. ground construction a criticize large steel and iron metal alloy, fire-proof material etc. assistance raw material business enterprise.At black metallurgy industrial development of in the meantime, there is color metals in China the Ye Lian and process an industry to quickly develop, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong, the river south, Sichuan, expensive state, sweet Su etc. ground successively constucted one large oxidize aluminum factory, the electrolysis aluminum factory and aluminum material processing plant.Built up to largely there is color metals producing a base still in the grounds, such as Hunan, river's west, expensive state and Guangxi...etc..
Chinese metallurgy industrial science and technology level is walk strong, the voice of "big and weak"s has been already declined to adjust.China should take exaltation competition ability as a target, further raise the metallurgy industrial science and technology level.The safe problem of the metallurgy profession wants to cause a high value, work°out a safe problem and adopt comprehensive sex measure and often grasp unremittingly.The standard of perfect and Chinese metallurgy profession comes up to speak to be the key which solves a metallurgy safety from the certain meaning, set up safe and standard system guarantee the profession healthily develops.
Make medicine industry(pharmaceutical industry)
The production section of chemicals is produce by the raw material medicine and the medicine product produce two the parts constitute.The raw material medicine is the material foundation that the drugs produce, but have to process to make into suitable for take of medicine product, just become drugs.At China, make a medicine industrial still include the production of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.Make medicine industry since is a section of national economy, again is a cure, defend a disease, care, planned parenthood of social welfare business.
Develop Jian3 Kuang4
The drugs production starts from the traditional medicine of and afterwards turn into separation to withdraw natural medicine from the natural material and then and gradually develop and built up chemistry medicine of industrial produce system.The chemistry system medicine industry rises in Western Europe.The beginning of 19 centuries goes to 60's, scientist successively the separation gets pure chemistry composition from the traditional medicine use a plant, such as that can D(1803), morphine(1805), Quinine(1820), nicotine(1828), give an article(1831), can card because of(1855) etc..The separation of these valid compositions lay foundation for the development of chemicals.Still successively appeared a batch of chemistries to synthesize a medicine for 19 centuries, such as B ether(1842), Suo Fo that(1888), department wood(1899) etc..At the same time, the product learns to also gradually develop to an academics of independence.To the end of 19 centuries, the chemistry system medicine industrial first step become.Its development experienced as follows 5 important stages:
The invention of the ① organic arsenic product.Organic rsenic product in 1910 Shen any Na's being clear(namely"606") with new Shen be any Na clear(914) invention in 1912 and founded chemistry medicine treatment of new era.
The invention of the ② Huang An medicine.30's in 20 centuries the invention of a series of medicine of Huang An, become another new milestone that the chemistry medicine cure, from now on the mankind dealt with the valid weapon of germ infection.
The detection of③ penicillin.Detection and separation of penicillin lift to purely and soon carry out of deep ferment production, make the mankind deal with a germ sexy dye more valid weapon.Immediately after many other antibiotics, such as chain mildewed vegetable, soil mildewed vegetable, chloromycetin, four wreath vegetable etc. appears one after another, and throw in produce and apply.19596-ammonia Ji the green mildewed alkane be sour(6 APAs) of separate success, created a beneficial condition for the development that a series of half synthesizes penicillin.Head the detection of the C with plain Bao germ pushed a head the development of the Bao germ plain medicine.
④ A little bit other importance make progress.To chemistry system the medicine was industrial to once make still have of a contribution:Insulin with other biochemistry medicines withdraw with refined;The research and production of anti- Nue medicine;The artificial of vitamin synthesize;The artificial of hormone synthesize with produce.Afterward, various anti- tubercle medicine, decline a blood pressure medicine, anti- angina pectoris medicine, anti- mental disorder medicine, synthesize to decline a blood sugar medicine and stabilize medicine, anti- tumor medicine, virussafe medicine and non- Zi a body to eliminate inflammation medicine's etc. appears one after another, further push make the development of medicine industry.
The development of⑤ product processing technology.
Product type
The chemicals can is divided into a plant chemistry medicine, chemistry to synthesize a medicine, antibiotics, half to synthesize antibiotics, biochemistry medicine...etc. according to the dissimilarity of its raw material source and the production method.Mostly the nation products living creature to also are included in to make the medicine industrial category such as the serum, vaccine, blood ware...etc..In addition, the monster medicine also belongs to a product of make the medicine industry.The chemicals usually presses treatment use and pharmacology function to categorize, there is 30 big type around, such as anti- infection medicine, anti- parasite the medicine of the disease, solve a hot analgesic and anaesthetize a medicine, cardiovascular system to use a medicine with medicine, hormone and planned parenthood etc..
Produce a characteristics
The raw material drugs grow numerous, its production method is each not same, all synthesized a method, have already fermented a method and use to refine a technique, have already synthesized a method and use a living creature technique, have already fermented a product again carry on chemistry to process, also have main adoption the separation suggest a pure method.The general characteristics that the raw material medicine produce is:The ① production process is long and the craft be complicated.What ② each product need at first assist material category have another, many raw materials and the middle body in the production line are an easy Ran, easily explode, poison or the causticity very strong material, to the fire prevention, flameproof, labor protection and craft and equipments etc. contain strict request.The ③ product quality standard Gao(pure degree Gao, the miscellaneous quality can allow of the content be very tiny), to raw material and in the center the body want to strictly control its quality.The ④ material is clean to accept a rate very low, highest raw material of 100 tons of usually several tons just produces one ton product, as a result by-product many, three discard also many.⑤ Medicine species many, renewal quick, new medicine development work of request Gao, difficulty big, price Gao, period long.The product produces to then need to have an in keeping with conditional personnel, factory premises, equipments and examine instrument and good health environment and various essential product to assist to anticipate and apply of inside, the over-wrap material match each other to match.
For promising safety and usefulness of drugs, World Health Organization put forward the implement project of a principle-《drugs production and quality manage norm 》.
The reform open, our country economy high speed development, more and more big to the need of energy.The petroleum is the importance of the energy to constitute part, in the our country an energy the consumption and the production the specific weight share quickly rise combine basic stability on the certain level, and our country also from in the past of the petroleum export country change is petroleum importing big country, the petroleum has already become a check and supervision our country"bottleneck" of the economic growth.
The petroleum of China investigates to explore still be placed in medium wait a mature stage, the oil deposit is still placed in Gao Ji Zhi2 to stabilize a growth period, but investigate to explore a difficulty more and more big.The main oil-field of China's ising total has already got in to gradually decrease a stage, steady produce a difficulty continuously enlargement, but the top of the development still have a potential and can dig.
The petroleum profession is the profession that a funds throws in height concentration, also is an investment realm of high risk in the meantime.The foreign large petroleum company almost up and down swims integral whole to turn and the business spread all over global multinational company.The unbalance of the global economic development, make big petroleum company each not same in the different nation or the investment repay in the region level.In the petroleum the industry of the whole production chain, the investigate of upper stream explores a development, in visit of the piping conveyance, the oil refining of downstream and sale and chemical engineering business are at the not contemporaneous item investment requite level difference also very obvious, this comes to a decision a petroleum company to have tremendous selectivity while carrying on an investment decision.How full, reasonably make sure investment scale and funds hurl to, beg higher investment repay, is the problem that the petroleum company together pays attention to.
In 2007, the our country local crude oil yield increases to soon descend, but the natural gas yield increase to soon speed.The crude oil yield reaches to 189,000,000 tons in 2008 and continue to keep stable to keep on a growth.China's ising full of a petroleum need of break out the dint is had been see the key factor which soars as about two in the last yearses international oil price.China has already replaced Japan to become the second petroleum in the world to consume a country(only next to United States) currently and estimate for 10 years inside the petroleum need of country will from current everyday 6,000,000 inflations about 100% go to 11,500,000.The Chinese home petroleum shares a whole petroleum demanding comparison 6% just before decade, have already raised to 1/3 now and expecting till 2020's will have 60% petroleum has to come from import.The car industry will be the business motivation that the vapor diesel consumes most.The development of ethylene industry will make the chemical engineering use oil to rise further and China needs to import more stone brain oil.Aftertime 20 years, although the local crude oil yield will continue to present up-trend, increase one limited, anticipate in 2010 with yield will attain 170,000,000 tons and 180,000,000 tons respectively in 2020 or so.
One of the fuel industries.From investigate to explore, mine to process the petroleum a series of process from the petroleum section complete.Provide various fuel oil for each section of national economy, include investigate of natural petroleum and oil shale to explore, mine, refine, keep luck's etc. to produce unit.
Mine petroleum(include natural gas petroleum, oil shale, natural gas) with as to it's carry on the industrial section that the refining process.It is investigate by the oil-field to explore, oil-field development, transport, refine to process etc. the unit constitute.
Take petroleum, natural gas...etc. as object, carry on a geology to investigate to explore, artesian well, mine, refining etc. with provide the important and industrial section of motive fuel, lubricant, chemical engineering raw material...etc..
China was in the world to discover at the earliest stage with make use of one of the petrolic nations.
The building materials industry is the generic name which produces an industrial section of construct the material.
Its product includes steel material, cement, stone material...etc..
[Edit this segment]the development present condition of Chinese building materials profession
The building materials industry is a Chinese important material industry.The building materials product includes building material and product, nonmetal mineral and product, have no the machine nonmetal and new material three front doors, extensively applied at the building, soldier work, environmental protection, high and new technique industry and people living etc. realm.
Currently, China is already the biggest building material to produce a country and consume a country in the world.Occupy the first in the world for yield several years such as main building materials product cement, sheet glass, the building health porcelain and ceramics, stone material and wall body material etc..In the meantime, the building materials product quality continuously raises and the energy consumes to year by year descend with original material, various new building materials continuously flows out now, and the building materials product continuously gets stripe to change generation.
In 2004, the Chinese building materials profession is subjected to a government a macro view to adjust the influence for control and the industry policy adjustment brings certain impact to some building materials business enterprises.In 2005 profession development still continue to keep the situation, yield and sale sum of the high speed development total ascend steady growth;Macroscopic economic environment and investment environment that the Chinese building materials profession develop are still better.
In 2006, the building materials profession economy circulate total keep quick and good to develop a situation.Produce the sale increases to soon and obviously speed, the economy movement quality raises further, and the industrial structure had a new improvement.The scale above building materials business enterprise completes 1,327,500,000,000 dollars: industrial total production value(now price) and increase 29.1%;Completing main business duty income is 1,153,400,000,000 dollars and together compare to increase 29.3%;Carry out profits 60,300,000,000 dollars, increase 47.1%.
The significant exaltation, 1-11 months of the building materials profession yield, performance in 2007, the building materials profession carries out profits 79,600,000,000 dollars and together compare to increase 56.6%.Material level of promote and make the Chinese cement industry can consume to show Zhao to lower, in 2007 ton cement comprehensive can consume 138,000 grams of mark coals, compared to reduce 4,000 grams of mark coals last year.
2008 first quarter degree, building materials industry complete industrial increment to be worth 94,700,000,000 dollars, press can comparative price space calculation compare 2007 the same period increase 27.9% and increase soon with 2007 the same period compare speed 1.7 percentage points, present fast growth situation.
"15" programming Jis set up an investment chess already to medium dish, highway, railroad etc. infrastructure construction investment of explosion growth and the commonness public building invest of steady growth, make building profession is be placed in economic prosperity north bound a stage.BE constuct economy energy in the meantime society and nation strengthen under the background of independent creative ability, economy energy and the technique creative topic will be that the develop of profession is a little bit hot.
